Chronic renal failure (CKD) is defined as a chronic, progressive degeneration in the kidney's
fluid-electrolyte balance and metabolic-endocrine functions as a result of the glomerular
filtration rate (GFR) falling below 60 ml/min/1.73 m², regardless of the etiology of the
kidney disease. CRF is divided into five stages according to the glomerular filtration rate.
Stage V is end-stage renal disease (ESRD), a life-threatening condition in which GFR falls
below 15 ml/min/1.73 m2. ESRD patients have to receive dialysis [hemodialysis (HD),
peritoneal dialysis (PD)] or kidney transplantation (Tx) under the name of renal replacement
therapies (RRT) in order to survive and to support the metabolic hemostatic function of the
kidney. Although the majority of ESRD patients survive on dialysis, their quality of life and
functional capacity are reduced due to uremic cardiomyopathy, cardiovascular diseases,
anemia, diabetes mellitus, bone diseases, deconditioning, fatigue, weakness, inactivity and
accompanying psychological problems. In addition, due to the burden of chronic disease and
the necessity of being dependent on machinery, patients are also faced with the risk of
losing their job, addiction in daily life activities, depression, anxiety, changes in body
image, financial problems, sexual problems, social isolation, mortality and hospitalization.
Intradialytic exercise (IDE) is defined as exercise training performed during the
hemodialysis session to increase the patient's strength and endurance and thus target various
physiological and psychosocial parameters. Patients' choice of exercise depends on individual
factors such as medical history, physical capacity, and transportation options, which are
associated with cost and overall preferences. In this context, exercise programs during
dialysis and at home are more preferred by patients due to the lack of transfer problems and
loss of time. The exercise rehabilitation program to be chosen should also have features such
as being practical, low cost and sustainable for patients receiving dialysis. Intradialytic
exercise is a common recommendation to encourage patients to be physically active. Previous
studies have shown that intradialytic exercise can reduce the severity of fatigue, improve
sleep quality, increase exercise tolerance, improve life He claimed that it was effective in
improving the quality of life and even improving the psychological state. Patients typically
undergo two or three hemodialysis sessions per week, with each session lasting approximately
4 hours. As many patients maintain bed rest during hemodialysis sessions, intradialytic
exercise can be a potentially useful approach to improve their health without spending extra
time in the interdialytic period. Although exercise variety is limited during hemodialysis
sessions, intradialytic exercise maximizes the use of HD time. In addition, intradialytic
exercise has been reported to increase patient compliance. However, conflicting data on the
effects of intradialytic exercise have been reported. Intradialytic exercise (IDE) is not yet
a routine practice for hemodialysis patients, an important reason is the lack of guidelines
to support it. Intradialytic exercise is rarely given as standard of care, although numerous
small studies have demonstrated the multiple benefits and safe practice of intradialytic
exercise training for patients with end-stage renal disease.
The aim of our study is to investigate the effect of intradialytic exercises on functional
capacity and quality of life, although it is known that it can be done without spending extra
time and is more preferred by patients, which is not routinely applied and needs more studies
on its effects.