Multiple-biomarker Approach for Individualized Treatment of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age of 18 years or older

• Capable of understanding and signing informed consent

• A diagnosis of HFpEF according to the HFA-PEFF diagnostic algorithm of the ESCor/and a high (90%) probability of HFpEF according to the H2FPEF score, i.e. a scoreof 6 or higher.

Exclusion Criteria:

• History of LVEF ≤40%

• Scheduled for surgery or intervention for both coronary and non-coronary indicationwithin 6 months of inclusion

• Impaired renal function, defined as eGFR < 20 mL/min/1.73 m2 (CKD-EPI) or requiringdialysis at the time of screening

• Acute or chronic liver disease, defined by serum levels of transaminases or alkalinephosphatase more than three times the upper limit of normal at screening

• COPD Gold stage IV

• Congenital heart disease

• Pregnancy

• Coexistent condition with life expectancy of <1 year

• Unlikely to appear at all scheduled follow-up visits

• Linguistic barrier