Mex Ctity, Mexico

Validation of Advanced Colorectal Neoplasm Risk Categories in a Prospective Cohort in Mexico

This is a prospective cohort of subjects eligible for CRC screening in Mexico City. The main goal is to validate the APCS clinical score as a risk - stratification tool for screening colonoscopy in a Mexican population. The Asian-Pacific Colorectal Screening (APCS) score is a clinical tool used to stratify subjects according to the probability of identification of Advanced Colorectal Neoplasia (ACN) in a screening colonoscopy. ACN includes lesions larger than 10 mm with one or more of the following: a villous content, high-grade dysplasia, or carcinoma. The tool stratifies the population into three risk categories, considering: age, sex, smoking history, and first-degree family history of colorectal cancer. The total score obtained allows the stratification into average risk (0-1 point), moderate (2-3 points), and high risk (4-7 points). The prevalence of ACN in the original validation cohort of the APCS was 1.3% for average risk, 3.2% in moderate risk and 5.2% in high risk. Investigators previously evaluated the APCS score in a retrospective study of screening colonoscopy in Mexican population (n=1269). The prevalence of ACN was 2.6% vs 5.2% (p=0.027) for moderate risk and high-risk categories, respectively. To implement a risk-stratified screening program for the Mexican population, prospective validation was considered necessary. A prospective study would allow for collection and evaluation of additional variables that could potentially improve APCS score. FIT cut-off values have never been validated in Mexican population and are required to implement a national colorectal screening program. Prospective design will also allow for bio banking for future medical research. The following procedures will be performed: 1. Subjects will be invited to participate in the study, and if they accept, an informed consent will be given and explained to them. They will have a standardized interview dedicated to promoting CRC screening and complete a CRC risk factor questionnaire to determine their risk category. 2. Subjects may optionally participate in the collection of tissue, blood, and urine samples for future biomedical research. This procedure consists of taking a 15 ml sample of venous blood and 20 ml of urine. The tissue samples to be used will be those that have been taken for diagnostic purposes during the colonoscopy. Additional biopsies not required for medical care will not be taken. These samples will be used as long as they are no longer required to establish a diagnosis. 3. A Fecal Immunochemical Test (FIT) will be performed prior to the colonoscopy. Note: A positive FIT will have a Hb value >20 ug/g of stool. 4. A colonoscopy will be performed. Any polyp identified will be resected (polypectomy) and analyzed histologically. NOTE: The subject and physician will be blinded to FIT test results and risk category. In subsequent medical consultation, the results of the risk score, the FIT test, and colonoscopy will be discussed. 5. If the patient does not perform any of the tests, they will be interviewed on a second occasion to complete a questionnaire of reasons of rejection. NOTE: It is anticipated that a proportion of subjects will verbally accept the screening, but the proposed tests will not be carried out (this will measure the percentage of acceptance of the recommendation). Given that age and gender are the most important risk factors, the population will be stratified simulating the Mexican population pyramid as follows: 50% male subjects and 50% female subjects. By age groups: 50-54 years (31%), 55-59 (24%), 60-64 (19%), 65-69 (14%), 70-75 (12%). The data collected from the participants will be entered into an electronic registry (Redcap) in real-time. A periodic review of the electronic registry will be carried out by personal of the protocol to ensure the quality of the information and that it is complete. The study does not contemplate external monitoring of the data. Statistical considerations - Sample size: for a difference in proportions of 2.6% (prevalence of ACN 5.2% vs. 2.6% in the high vs. moderate-risk population), 868 subjects per group are required to achieve a power of 80%, with a confidence level of 95 %, that is, 1736 subjects. It is anticipated that in 15% of the subjects the two screening tests will not be available, so a total sample of 2000 subjects is proposed. - Statistical proportions, means, and medians will be used to describe the population. The differences in proportions will be analyzed with the X2 test. Using a binary logistic regression model, variables associated with ACN risk will be identified. A p < 0.05 will be considered statistically significant. The risk calculator will be developed using the variables identified in the univariate analysis and differential weight will be assigned to them according to risk. To determine the optimal cut-off point in FIT test (ng of hemoglobin per gram of feces): the investigators will use the distribution of the FIT score for patients with and without premalignant lesions and/or colorectal cancer to estimate sensitivity and specificity. according to different cut-off values. Subsequently, the investigators will use a decision model based on specificity/sensitivity ROC curves and according to different FIT cut-off points. The closer the ROC curve is to the upper left corner, the higher the predictive power of detecting colorectal lesions.

REgistry of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Associated With CONNECTIVE Tissue Diseases (RECONNECTIVE)

Connective tissue diseases represents an important risk factor for pulmonary hypertension, either due to vasculopathy or chronic pulmonary thromboembolism. These chronic conditions are characterized by being disabling, progressive and fatal in a short time and are caused by multiple mechanisms that results in remodeling of the pulmonary microvasculature and right heart failure. In recent years, due to international registries, we have acquired a better understanding of high-risk subpopulations, their poor prognostic factors, and the results of specific combination therapies. In Mexico, the National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ) is a referral center for connective tissue diseases and pathologies of the pulmonary circulation. The RECONNECTIVE registry is a five years follow-up cohort that offers the possibility to obtain data regarding to the clinical characteristics and hemodynamic assesment of pulmonary circulation. The main objective is to evaluate the clinical course of the PAH in this subgroup of patients and their specific therapy for PAH.

TrEatment Approach in the Multimodal Era Registry

Prognostic Value of the Right Ventricular Function by Portable Ultrasound in Patients With Pulmonary Hypertension.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a disease characterized by obliteration and remodeling of small-caliber pulmonary arteries, progressively generating an increase in pulmonary vascular resistance, right heart failure, and death. Current guidelines recommend a multidimensional approach which includes clinical, echocardiographic, exercise and hemodynamic variables to classify patients by risk and thus define a prognosis and guide therapeutic decisions. Transthoracic Echocardiography (TTE) currently plays an important role in the diagnostic algorithm of PAH as it is minimally invasive and readily available. Moreover, many echocardiographic parameters are closely related to pulmonary hemodynamics. Some TTE parameters are associated with mortality and surviving in these patients, such as: shortening fraction, presence of pericardial effusion, eccentricity index, systolic displacement of the tricuspid annular plane (TAPSE), size of the right atrium and right ventricular free wall strain. Ultrasound (US) is the only method which enables realtime bedside imaging of the heart. Focused cardiac US provides worthy diagnostic information useful for the the clinical management of critical care patients. The use of cardiac ultrasound in the last decade has gradually increased among non cardiologists. Pocket ultrasounds are part of the third generation of ultrasounds described in the literature. These have the characteristic of being light devices weighing less than 1kg and that can be carried in the pocket of the medical uniform. This leads many researchers to believe that in the not too distant future its use will be part of the physical examination routine, as the stethoscope is now. There is a wide range of studies, which have shown a good correlation between standard echocardiography and portable cardiac ultrasound. There is no doubt about the usefulness of portable cardiac ultrasound in the intensive care unit, emergency department and even during hospital rounds; however, its usefulness during the daily examination in a follow-up consultation of patients at high risk of cardiovascular deterioration, such as patients with PAH, has not yet been demonstrated. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Does the measurement of tricuspid annular plane systolic displacement (TAPSE) by portable cardiac ultrasound have prognostic utility in the follow-up of patients with Pulmonary Hypertension? JUSTIFICATION There is evidence that a TAPSE measurement <17mm using standard echocardiography by a physician experienced in echocardiography predicts survival in patients with Pulmonary hypertension. However, the high costs of an apparatus to perform the standard echocardiogram study and the prolonged appointments to perform the study delay the diagnosis of treatment of progression of cardiovascular disease. Therefore, it is important to document the usefulness of using an accessible medical tool during the cardiopulmonology consultation for the follow-up of patients with pulmonary hypertension. HYPOTHESIS Patients with low TAPSE will have a higher proportion of morbidity events compared to patients with normal TAPSE.

Study to Evaluate the Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of IMU-838 in Patients With Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis

This study will be a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study with a blinded Main Treatment Period (MT) and an Open Label Period (OLE) to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of IMU-838 in adult patients with RMS. The study will consist of the following periods: Screening Period: Approximately 28 days Main Treatment Period: Up to 72 weeks (approximately 15 months) Open Label Extension Period: Up to approximately 8 years

VItamin C in Thermal injuRY: The VICToRY Trial

In certain disease states, such as those associated with severe burns and other critical illnesses, the relationship between nutrient deficiencies, altered immune status, and acquired infection has been recognized for many years. More than in any other injury, the inflammation and catabolism associated with severe burns can exacerbate nutrient deficiencies, thereby predisposing patients to impaired immune function and increased risk of developing infectious complications, organ dysfunction, and death. We aim to conduct a large-scale, multi-center randomized trial to evaluate the effect of high-dose (50mg/kg every 6 hours for 96 hours) intravenous vitamin C in addition to standard of care (SOC) on 28-days composite outcome of Persistent Organ Dysfunction (POD) and all-cause mortality compared to add-on placebo and SOC. Patients will be allocated to 2 groups, active or control: patients in the active group will receive intravenous vitamin C at 50mg/kg every 6 hrs for 96 hrs. Patients in the control group will receive a similar amount of placebo (either D5W or saline) delivered in the same manner as the vitamin C. This study will be the first large international multi-centre trial examining the effects of high dose intravenous vitamin C in burn patients. It represents a unique collaboration of burn units worldwide that is coordinated by the Clinical Evaluation Research Unit, based in Kingston Ontario Canada, a coordinating center that has demonstrated the ability to run multi-center trials and translate findings into practice.

Massive Mental Health Screening Using Smartphones in 24 Pre-graduate Education Centers in Mexico City: TEDUCA Survey Protocol

Population Screening Using Smartphone in Milpa Alta

Comparative Analysis of the Th17 Cellular Response in Active and Inactive Pemphigus Vulgaris Patients

Pemphigus is an autoimmune disease characterized by production of autoantibodies against desmogleins 1 and 3, which are part of the epidermis desmosomes. The first line of treatment are corticosteroids with or without the use of adjuvants (e.g. azathioprine, mycophenolate or rituximab). T lymphocytes are responsible for the initiation and maturation of the humoral response and the B cell activation required for the production of autoantibodies. In the last decade, the Th17 immune response has been implicated in the pathogenesis of pemphigus. Recently, the existence of tertiary lymphoid organ-like structures within the skin lesions was suggested. This structures contain T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes and plasma cells; these cells interact and create a local microenvironment for the production of autoantibodies. Most of the T cells in this structures are T helper CD4+ and express IL-21, and half of them produce IL-17. In this study the investigators aim to evaluate comparatively the Th17 and T regulatory immune response in the lesional skin and serum of active and inactive pemphigus subjects that are treated with corticosteroids with or without adjuvants and a third group of healthy subjects. The investigators will study skin and serum due to the difference of lymphocytes and cytokines in both tissues. The primary hypothesis is: active pemphigus vulgaris subjects will have different levels of TH17 response in comparison to inactive patients. The investigators will use descriptive statistics, association and correlation test of hypothesis.