Pesochny Vlg Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation

TrEatment Approach in the Multimodal Era Registry

Effect of Breastfeeding on Lipid Profile and Cardiovascular Risk Markers in Women with Familial Hypercholesterolemia

Patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) have elevated plasma levels of LDL-cholesterol from first years of life. Cholesterol burden through life defines risk of cardiovascular disease. In women with FH, cholesterol levels increase during pregnancy both due to physiological changes as well as discontinuation of cholesterol lowering medication during planning of pregnancy, during the pregnancy and during breastfeeding. Few studies on the effects of breastfeeding on lipid profile in women with FH exists. There is also limited data on whether and to what extent the cholesterol lowering statins transfer to breast milk. The study aims to investigate the effects of breastfeeding on lipid profile and cardiovascular risk markers in women with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) compared to women without FH. Women with and without FH who are pregnant or planning pregnancy will be recruited, and will be invited to repeated study visits from the end of pregnancy and through the first year after delivery. Blood samples and data on anthropometry, health, pregnancy, lifestyle and diet will be collected. Statin transfer into breast milk will also be measured in breast milk samples collected when the FH women end breastfeeding the child and start statin treatment.

Complex Endovascular Approach to Treatment of Patients With Aneurysm of Popliteal Artery

The 2nd Medical Department admits patients with acute arterial occlusion at the stage of critical limb ischaemia. The poorest prognosis considering preservation of the limb is shown by the patients who exhibit symptoms of ischaemia due to affected popliteal artery and arteries of the shank in the the popliteal artery aneurysm. On the other hand, diagnosis of this condition is prompt and easy (general ultrasound scan below the knee). Patients with the popliteal artery aneurysm, confirmed by ultrasound investigation, and concurrent signs and symptoms of acute critical ischaemia will be indicated for catheterization intervention at our unit, which will confirm morphological compatibility with endovascular occlusion of the aneurysm sac through implantation of a peripheral stent graft, supported by implantation of a peripheral flexible stent, and at the same time insertion of a thrombolytic catheter into the implanted stent graft for local thrombolysis of tibial arteries if required by the current situation. The patient will be hospitalized at the angiology intensive care unit of the 2nd Medical Department, where local intra-arterial thrombolytic therapy will be performed according to the standard protocol. After completion of the proper endovascular treatment, the patients will be transferred to combined peroral anticoagulation and antiaggregation treatment, and all of them will have an ultrasound scan below the knee, with the readings archived for the purpose of further comparison and monitoring. Subsequently, the patients will be monitored in the outpatient regime after 6 weeks, 3, 6 and 12 months. At each visit, clinical examination will be done including establishment of ABI/TBI values and ultrasound investigation of the region below the knee.

Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications of Microarrays in Heart Transplantation

The current standard for biopsy-based diagnoses of rejection of heart transplants is the ISHLT classification from 2004, which represents a widely-used international consensus, based on morphological criteria of the cellular infiltrate within the myocardial specimen system with certainties and some arbitrary and blurred parameters. Recent data-driven approaches using molecular and conventional technologies indicate that this system produces incorrect diagnoses with potential harm to patients due to inappropriate treatment. To address this unmet need and improve diagnostics in the area of organ transplantation, the Alberta Transplant Applied Genomics Centre (ATAGC, University of Alberta) has developed a new diagnostic system - the Molecular Microscope® Diagnostic System (MMDx) that interprets biopsies in terms of their molecular phenotype, and combines the molecular and histopathological features of transplant biopsies, plus clinical and laboratory parameters, to create the first Integrated Diagnostic System. The MMDx developed first in kidney transplant biopsies because phenotypes are well established, will now be adapted to heart transplant endomyocardial biopsies (EMBs). The present study will develop a Reference Set of EMB, adapt the MMDx system to assess and report EMBs; and validate and refine this system in 900 unselected prospectively collected for clinical indications and a standard of care EMBs from North American and European Centers. In addition to demonstrating the real-time feasibility and potential value of this System in patient care, the study will develop and optimize a transparent and user-friendly reporting format to communicate this information to clinicians and obtain detailed feedback to improve its utility. We refine now our MMDx system using a new type of analysis (see primary outcome) and the resulting MMDx report. Currently, INTERHEART recruited 1912 biopsies from 1279 patients.

The eMESH 1 Feasibility Study

Polymorphisms and Busulfan Pharmacokinetic Study

Most of the drugs used to treat cancer are metabolized by hepatic enzymes such as cytochrome P450 or Glutathion-S-Transferase (GST). These enzymatic pathways can be more or less active in the drug's metabolism according to the given polymorphism of each patient (pharmacogenomics). The current hypothesis is that some functional polymorphisms of genes, which control important enzymes in Busulfan metabolism, contribute to the observed interindividual variability in PK of this drug. This variability can hence predict the resistance as well as the toxicity from a drug in patients who have cancer. The pharmacokinetic profile of different drugs, which have a hepatic metabolism, can be dramatically modified by these polymorphisms. Busulfan is a major drug used in the conditioning regimen before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, particularly in children in whom total body irradiation has to be avoided. This drug has a narrow therapeutic index. At a lower systemic exposure than the targeted one, Busulfan has insufficient activity and hence an increased risk of transplant rejection and leukemic relapse. At higher systemic exposures, the toxicity risk increases dramatically with an elevated incidence of hepatic veno-occlusive disease (VOD). Pharmacokinetic monitoring of Busulfan allows optimal dosing. The recommended doses are based on the weight, body surface area or age. Nevertheless, a majority of patients will still need an adjustment of the dose administered after their first dose: this will result in a cumulative systemic exposure that will be over or under therapeutic. Busulfan is metabolized principally by the GSTA1, as well as by other GST enzymes like the GSTM1 and GSTP1. These enzymes are present in the liver as well as in the intestinal cells and are up regulated in the digestive system of young children.With this study we will look for the polymorphism in GST genes, look at the Busulfan IV pharmacokinetics and finally look at the GST alpha enzyme activity and see if there is a correlation with clinical end points. This study will also study any correlation with other genes (repair DNA genes, CYP etc..) that could be correlated with Busulfan and/or cyclophosphamide. This study will also allow to do some DNA banking for future studies in genetics. This multicentric study is sponsor by the Swiss pediatric Oncology Group and is a European Bone and Marrow Transplantation study open in 6 countries (Switzerland, Canada, Italy, Holland, Tscèque republic, ). Pilot study are first analyze with St. Justine Hospital then with the other center at a later stage.

Antiangiogenic Therapy for Children with Recurrent Medulloblastoma, Ependymoma and ATRT