Peri-Incisional Drug Injection in Lumbar Spine Surgery

Inclusion Criteria:

• Any adult patient 18 years of age and older who is undergoing surgery for a lumbarspine problem. Common diagnoses in this category would include lumbar discherniations, spinal stenosis, and spondylolisthesis, but this is not an exhaustivelist.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients with comorbidities excluding use of proposed injection.
• Patients with major head trauma such that they cannot provide consent or describetheir post-operative pain.
• Patients with other surgical treatment during study treatment (i.e. more than 1surgery during the study period or within 30 days prior to surgery).
• Pregnant women (as assessed by pre-operative pregnancy test, which is standard ofcare).
• Patients with dementia such that they cannot provide consent or describe theirpost-operative pain.
• Patients with an allergy to study medications.
• Patients with previous drug dependencies.
• Any patient that refuses to be randomized or does not wish to enroll.
• Vulnerable populations, such as prisoners.
• Patients with a fracture, tumor, or infection as their primary diagnosis.
• Patients undergoing a deformity correction.
• Patients with surgeries extending more than 4 levels, with surgeries that extend tothe pelvis, or with surgeries that cross the thoracolumbar junction.