Supplements (also called nutraceuticals because they derive from natural substances) and
functional foods are now readily available and usable by the general population. The term
"nutraceutical" derives from a fusion of the terms "nutritional" and "pharmaceutical" y was
used for the first time in 1989 by Stephen De Felice, President of the Fundación para la
Innovación en Medicine (Cranford, NJ, EE. UU. ). On the other hand, functional foods have
additional effects due to the presence of components, generally non-nutritious, which
interact selectively with one or more physiological functions of the organism (biomodulation)
in such a way that an improvement in the state of health and well-being is evident. And/or a
reduced risk of disease.
The Regulation EC / 178/2002 of the Parliament and the Council, 28/01/2002 establishes the
general principles and requirements of food law, shows the European Food Safety Authority
(EFSA), and establishes the procedures in the field of food safety.
Given their documented efficacy following the European Claims, which indicate for each
substance what the individual uses may be (EFSA Journal 2011; 9 (4): 1984; EFSA Journal 2011;
9 (4): 2061; EFSA Journal 2012 ; 10 (3): 2604; EFSA Journal 2012; 10 (5): 2702; EFSA Journal
2016; 14 (1): 4367; EFSA Journal 2017; 15 (1): 4680; EFSA Journal 2018; 16 (1): 5136), a
doubt related to safety in the general population remains today.
For this reason, in the month of March 2018, the Health and Quality of Life Working Group of
the Italian Federation of Life Sciences (Fisv), which also includes the Italian Society of
Pharmacology (Sif), the Italian Anthropological Association (Aai), Italian Agricultural
Chemistry (Sica), Italian Society of Environmental Mutagenesis (Sima), Italian Society of
General Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology (Simgbm) and Italian Society of Plant
Pathology (Sipav) has re-evaluated the scientific bibliography on the use of supplements or
supplements food and has assessed that in the vast majority of cases their use is not only
improper - as a good diet would be much more efficient to "heal" any deficiencies in trace
elements or vitamins - but that often these products can cause undesirable effects, both for
the concomitance of pathologies or pharmacological treatments with which they can interfere,
both for the potential toxicity and oligopoly Minds and vitamins can exert on the body if
their level of intake is higher than the needs of the moment. This is because many if not all
of these supplements are authorized without having objective clinical safety data. Many of
these are also used in poly-treated patients where interactions or adverse events may develop
that are underestimated or unrecognized.
In consideration of the fact that the nutraceutical market is constantly growing (it is
estimated 90 thousand products for over 30 billion dollars in turnover only in the US and 3
in Italy.), The need arises to evaluate "real life" in a manner objective to the possible
efficacy and safety of nutraceuticals and functional foods used to treat systemic or local
diseases.