Obstacle Negotiation in Older People With and Without Vision Impairment

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age 18 or over

• Able to walk independently

• Either have normal vision, or impaired vision.

• Impaired vision is defined as binocular visual acuity of 20/25 or worse with orwithout a central scotoma; and/or binocular visual field that is restricted toan average of 100 degrees in diameter or less

• Control subjects will have visual acuity of 20/40 or better.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Not cleared by a medical provider for moderate physical activity

• Self-report or have a history of: vestibular disorder or deafness

• Medical history of any condition that affects the ability to walk for up to 2 hourswith breaks, such as feeling dizzy or faint, chest pain, palpitations, pain ornumbness in the legs, shortness of breath,

• Cognitive limitations either by self-report or a score on the Mini Mental State Exambelow 24 (out of 30)

• Walking or gait abnormalities, such as those caused from an injury, surgery, severearthritis, or neurological condition such as Parkinson's disease

• Unable to walk without any walking aids such as a walker, cane, guide dog, or oxygentank.

• Does not speak English