Assessing Diagnostics At Point-of-care for Tuberculosis

Novel TB triage and diagnostic tests:

Inclusion Criteria-

The investigators will include non-hospitalized adults (age ≥ 12 years) with either:

1. cough ≥2 weeks' duration, a commonly accepted criterion for identifying people with presumed pulmonary TB (to facilitate standardization across sites and comparison of test performance across sub-groups; OR

2. risk factors for which TB screening is recommended (HIV infection, self-reported close contact, history of mining work). People with risk factors will be included if they screen positive for TB based on WHO-recommended screening tools as specified below:

Positive TB screening definitions by risk factor:

1. People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (PLHIV) (Risk Factor): C Reactive Protein (CRP) >5 mg/dL OR abnormal chest x-ray (CXR)

2. Self-reported Close Contact (Risk Factor): abnormal CXR History of mining work (Risk Factor): abnormal CXR

Exclusion Criteria-

1. Completed latent or active TB treatment within the past 12 months (to increase TB prevalence and reduce false-positive results, respectively);

2. Have taken any medication with anti-mycobacterial activity (including fluoroquinolones) for any reason, within 2 weeks of study entry (to reduce false-negatives);

3. Reside >20km from the study site or are unwilling to return for follow-up visits; OR

4. Are unwilling to provide informed consent

Assessment of the usability of novel TB tests:

Inclusion Criteria-

The investigators will include health workers at each clinical site who are:

1. aged ≥18 years; AND

2. involved in routine TB testing (collecting specimens for or performing TB tests).

Exclusion Criteria-

The investigators will exclude staff who are:

1. unwilling to provide informed consent