Skiin-PSG Sleep Apnea

Eligible individuals who consent to participate will be asked to wear a Skiin Underwear chest band while going through a polyssomnography test.

1. Investigational device

   The Skiin underwear chest band is worn at the under-chest level (under the pectoral or breast fold), and is connected to the Skiin Connected Life App (SCLA). The app collects ECG, accelerations, and temperature to generate metrics such as sleep, activity, and other physiological biometrics (resting heart rate, heart rate variability, breathing rate). The investigator will ensure the chest band is worn properly as defined by the vertical line on the band besides the Skiin logo corresponding with the center of the body.

2. Polysomnography

The equipment being used for polysomnography is the Embla Sandman Elite PSG System. In advance to the test, patients receive information about the PSG test procedure and patients are usually instructed to avoid naps and stimulants (i.e., caffeine) during the day of the test. A list of instructions is usually provided to the patient.

Once the patient is ready for bed, the technologists will place sensors on the patient's scalp, temples, chest and legs using a mild adhesive, such as glue or tape. The sensors are connected by wires to a computer (wires are long enough to let the patient move around in bed). A small clip is placed on the finger or ear to monitor the level of oxygen in the blood.

Electrodes location - monitoring location includes:

• Electroencephalography (EEG) - The placement of the EEG electrodes on the scalp follows an international system known as the 10-20 system of electrode placement. This is a standardized method of identifying equally spaced electrode positions on the scalp, based on four identifiable skull landmarks.

• Electromyography (EMG) - Chin EMG records muscle tone at the mentalis and submentalis muscles. For the leg EMG two electrodes are placed about 2 to 4 cm apart longitudinally, along the belly of the anterior tibialis muscle of each leg, to record periodic limb movements.

• Electrooculography (EOG) - to record rapid eye movements of REM sleep and to assess sleep onset.

• Electrocardiography (ECG) - gel electrodes applied to the right and left subclavicular areas (essentially lead I) or the right subclavicular area and the lower left thorax (essentially lead II).

• Airflow (nasal/oral) - thermal sensors or pressure sensing

• Pulse oximetry - oximeter placed on the index finger

• Respiratory effort (thoracic/abdominal) - belts placed around the chest and abdomen to monitor movements.

• Snore sensor - small microphone

• Body position - monitoring with sensors

Bio-calibration - is a series of actions that the patient is asked to perform before initiating the PSG test. This is to ensure that the sensors are measuring what they are supposed to and to verify signal quality.

Audio-visual recording - video and audio recording is part of the clinic's standard PSG test. It allows the clinician to observe the patient's behavior during the sleep study to improve clinical interpretation and diagnosis.