The Effect of LIPUS on the Maturation of Newly Constructed Autogenous AVF

Inclusion Criteria:

1.18 years old ≤ Age ≤ 75 years old, regardless of gender or ethnicity;

2.Dialysis or non-dialysis patients who have newly established autologous arteriovenous fistula in the wrist and have not yet used the fistula for hemodialysis treatment;

3.Before establishing an autologous arteriovenous fistula in the wrist, ultrasound examination will be performed. The radial artery diameter at the intended surgical site is>1.5mm, and the head vein diameter is>2mm （using a tourniquet）. The arterial and venous blood flow are unobstructed, and the distance between the vein and the skin is<6mm;

4. After introducing dialysis, the calcium ion concentration in the dialysate will bemaintained at 1.5mmol/L during the dialysis period, and low molecular weight heparinwill be used for anticoagulation. The dosage of low molecular weight heparin remainsunchanged （±1000U） during the study period;

5. Sign an informed consent form.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Poor healing of internal fistula surgical incision;

2. Active bacterial or viral infections;

3. Pregnant women;

4. The patient underwent kidney transplantation or was transferred to peritonealdialysis during the study period;

5. Subject ALT, AST ≥ 3 × upper limit of normal values;

6. Within 3 months, according to NYHA classification, heart function is classified aslevel III-IV;

7. Newly diagnosed unstable angina and cerebrovascular events within 3 months;

8. Blood pressure below 90/60mmHg or above 180/100mmHg in the past 2 weeks;

9. During the study period, patients did not follow medical advice and arbitrarilychanged the types and dosages of other anticoagulants or anticoagulants (such asaspirin, clopidogrel, Agat Roban, etc.);

10. Combine the use of glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants, such as tacrolimus,cyclosporine, MMF, azathioprine, leflunomide, Tripterygium wilfordii glycosides,etc;

11. Other researchers consider inappropriate situations, such as coexisting withmalignant tumors, where the expected lifespan is less than 6 months;

12. I have participated in other clinical trials within 4 weeks prior to the start ofthis study.