Microwave Ablation in the Treatment of Early-stage Unifocal Invasive Breast Cancer

Inclusion Criteria:

1. female patients aged 18-70 years;
2. patients with newly diagnosed invasive breast cancer confirmed by core needle biopsy;
3. the tumor smaller than 2cm in greatest diameter confirmed by US (ultrasonography),breast X-ray and breast MRI (contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance image ) wereperformed at the same time, and the difference of the largest diameter between breastUS and MRI was less than 0.5 cm;
4. the single tumor without other suspicious lesions (BI-RADS (the Breast ImagingRecording and Data System) score ≥4) evaluated by breast US, X-ray and MRI;
5. the tumor without adhesion to chest wall, nipple or skin;
6. patients without distant metastasis;
7. Karnofsky performance status greater than 70%.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. multicentric or multifocal breast tumor;
2. the tumor located on nipple and areola area;
3. signs of extensive intraductal carcinoma on imaging examination (diffuse malignantcalcification on breast X-ray or segmental distribution, non-mass enhancement, ductalor linear enhancement > 2.5 cm on MRI);
4. extensive intraductal component in invasive cancer (more than 50% of the tumor volume)confirmed by pathology;
5. invasive lobular carcinoma, metaplastic carcinoma or carcinoma with sclerosingadenosis;
6. patients who were pregnant or breastfeeding;
7. patients with evidence of coagulopathy, chronic liver diseases or renal failure;
8. patients with previous treatment including chemotherapy, targeted drug therapy, orlocal radiation therapy, etc;
9. patients with substance abuse, or mental or psychological disorders that may interferewith study compliance;
10. any condition that is unstable or likely to compromise the patient's safety andcompliance;
11. patients enrolled in other clinical trials;
12. diseases or symptoms that other investigators consider unsuitable for participation.