The FLIP study will recruit SLE patients to a single centre, three arm randomised controlled
trial which will compare standard care ( fatigue booklets available in all Rheumatology
departments in the UK or online ) with live online fatigue management groups for
effectiveness at managing fatigue.
Lupus UK will advertise the study through their website, newsletter and social media.
Participants can be identified and enrolled to the study in three ways:
The participant can be identified by any member of the Rheumatology department in NHS
Lothian through participant routine Rheumatology appointment or local database. No
patient records will be screened .
Participants can be identified through the Scottish Lupus Registry Database as they will
have already consented to being contacted about research.
Participants can also self-enrol to the study through the link to the FLIP website from
Lupus UK .
Posters, leaflets and LUPUS UK communications will have a link and QR code which will take
interested participants to the patient information sheet to read about the study.They can
contact the study team with any questions before proceeding to accessing the enrolment
process in the REDCap secure server. The central study team or the participant themselves can
confirm their eligibility by completing short screening questions.The study team can also
help the patient with any questions regarding the online consent form if necessary. If the
participant is eligible and wishes to proceed they will be asked to complete an online
consent and be assigned a unique identification code number (UICN).
After the participant has consented online in REDCap and completed personal
details/demographics and baseline PROMs questionnaires they will be randomised to either
standard care, standard care plus 4 week programme or standard care plus 7 week programme.
The ratio of randomisation will be 1.1.1 .
Participants will complete the same PROMS three more times after the baseline: on completion
of the intervention, at 6 months and at 12 months.
The PROMs will be
Modified Fatigue Impact Score (MFIS)
SLE quality of life questionnaire (LupusQoL)
Pittsburgh Sleep quality Inventory ( PSQI)
Visual Analog scale of fatigue impact ( FI-VAS)
Participant health questionnaire -4 item (PHQ4)
Self -Efficacy for managing chronic disease 6 item scale (SEMCD-6)
Quick Systemic Lupus Activity Questionnaire (Q-SLAQ)
If a participant has access to a Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (
SLEDAI) score this may be included .
Participants will also be asked to complete a satisfaction questionnaire after the
intervention completion.
The end of study is defined as the last data collection at 52 weeks from the last participant
after group intervention or standard care whichever comes last.
The trial team will analyse the qualitative data from participants. A health economist will
calculate the NHS utilisation / economic evaluation by mapping the LUPUSQoL to the Short Form
6 dimension (SF6D) to obtain quality adjusted life years (QALYs) .
A statistician will analyse the data from the PROMs with standard statistical software in R
and report descriptive statistics such as means, medians, standard deviations and standard
errors of the variables measured. Statistical significance will be measured for the aims of
the study using unmatched and paired T- tests.
The primary outcome of our study, MFIS measurements, will be assessed using linear regression
models including a random effect to account for grouping by centre. The investigators will
assess whether the treatment outcome is maintained by analysing longitudinal data collected
over 1 year using linear mixed-effect models with a suitable covariance structure. The
secondary outcomes will be analysed in an analogous way. The investigators will also analyse
how the secondary outcomes covary with the MFIS scores. The investigators will handle
non-compliance by analysing the data according to intention-to-treat principles. In the
unlikely event of unused data arising, the investigators will include these in suitable
subgroup analyses. Spurious data will be followed up with patients and will only be excluded
from the study as a measure of last resort. The investigators are not planning to carry out
interim analyses nor to terminate the study early.
The results will be published in peer reviewed journals and by Lupus UK .