Task-State-Based Temporal Interference Stimulation (TI) to Improve Depression in Patients With Bipolar Disorder

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Aged 16-50 years, right-handed, and completed nine years of compulsory education;

2. Meet the diagnostic criteria for bipolar disorder in the Diagnostic and StatisticalManual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5);

3. HAMD-17: >17 points , assessed the presence of rapture deficits;

4. Subject had not been treated with a mood stabilizer, or had previously used anantidepressants and currently off medication for ≥1 week;

5. The subject/legal guardian is willing to actively cooperate with the treatment andsign an informed consent form after being fully informed of the temporalinterference stimulus (TI).

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Co-morbid other psychiatric disorders, including affective psychiatric disorders,anxiety spectrum disorders, mental retardation, substance dependence (abuse), etc.;

2. History of a serious physical illness or a disease that may affect the centralnervous system;

3. Neurologic disorders or risk of seizures such as previous cranial disorders, headtrauma, abnormal electroencephalograms, magnetic resonance evidence of structuralbrain abnormalities, or a family history of epilepsy;

4. Contraindications to magnetic resonance scanning or time-interference stimulation (TI), such as the presence of metallic or electronic devices in the body (intracranial metallic foreign bodies, cochlear implants, pacemakers and stents, andother metallic foreign bodies);

5. Those who have received or are receiving electroconvulsive therapy (ECT ), modifiedelectroconvulsive therapy (MECT ), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS),transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), transcranial alternating currentstimulation (tACS), or other neurostimulation treatments;

6. Pregnant and lactating women, and women of childbearing age with positive urinepregnancy.