Efficacy, Tolerability, and Cognitive Effects of Deep Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Bipolar Depression

Inclusion Criteria:

Confirmed diagnosis of bipolar depression;

• Met standardized criteria for failure to achieve remission from pharmacologicaltreatment in the current illness episode;

• Pharmacological treatment maintained unchanged for the four weeks preceding rTMSapplication；

• Able to read, verbalize understanding and voluntarily sign the informed consent formprior to performance of any study-specific procedures or assessments

Exclusion Criteria:

• Previous treatment with rTMS;

• Ferromagnetic material close to the head;

• Cardiac pacemaker and/or implanted electronic device;

• The presence of neurological disorders (uncontrolled epilepsy, previous significanthead injuries, brain surgery);

• Pregnancy or lactation;

• Significant medical and/or psychiatric comorbidities;

• Substance abuse in the last three months (not including caffeine or nicotine);

• Acute psychosis;

• Acute suicidality;

• Patient refuses to sign consent for participation in the study